SQLite 语法

SQLite 是遵循一套独特的称为语法的规则和准则。本教程列出了所有基本的 SQLite 语法，向您提供了一个 SQLite 快速入门。

大小写敏感性

有个重要的点值得注意，SQLite 是不区分大小写的，但也有一些命令是大小写敏感的，比如 GLOB 和 glob 在 SQLite 的语句中有不同的含义。

注释

SQLite 注释是附加的注释，可以在 SQLite 代码中添加注释以增加其可读性，他们可以出现在任何空白处，包括在表达式内和其他 SQL 语句的中间，但它们不能嵌套。

SQL 注释以两个连续的 "-" 字符（ASCII 0x2d）开始，并扩展至下一个换行符（ASCII 0x0a）或直到输入结束，以先到者为准。

您也可以使用 C 风格的注释，以 "/*" 开始，并扩展至下一个 "*/" 字符对或直到输入结束，以先到者为准。SQLite的注释可以跨越多行。

1	<span class="pln">sqlite</span><span class="pun">>.</span><span class="pln">help </span><span class="pun">--</span> <span class="typ">This</span> <span class="kwd">is</span><span class="pln"> a single line comment</span>

SQLite 语句

所有的 SQLite 语句可以以任何关键字开始，如 SELECT、INSERT、UPDATE、DELETE、ALTER、DROP 等，所有的语句以分号（;）结束。

SQLite ANALYZE 语句：

ANALYZE;

or

ANALYZE database_name;

or

ANALYZE database_name.table_name;

SQLite AND/OR 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE CONDITION-1 {AND|OR} CONDITION-2;

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句：

1	<span class="pln">ALTER TABLE table_name ADD COLUMN column_def</span><span class="pun">...;</span>

SQLite ALTER TABLE 语句（Rename）：

1	<span class="pln">ALTER TABLE table_name RENAME TO new_table_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite ATTACH DATABASE 语句：

1	<span class="pln">ATTACH DATABASE </span><span class="str">'DatabaseName'</span> <span class="typ">As</span> <span class="str">'Alias-Name'</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite BEGIN TRANSACTION 语句：

BEGIN;

or

BEGIN EXCLUSIVE TRANSACTION;

SQLite BETWEEN 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE column_name BETWEEN val-1 AND val-2;

SQLite COMMIT 语句：

1	<span class="pln">COMMIT</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite CREATE INDEX 语句：

1 2	<span class="pln">CREATE INDEX index_name ON table_name </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln"> column_name COLLATE NOCASE </span><span class="pun">);</span>

SQLite CREATE UNIQUE INDEX 语句：

1 2	<span class="pln">CREATE UNIQUE INDEX index_name ON table_name </span><span class="pun">(</span><span class="pln"> column1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> column2</span><span class="pun">,...</span><span class="pln">columnN</span><span class="pun">);</span>

SQLite CREATE TABLE 语句：

CREATE TABLE table_name(

column1 datatype,

column2 datatype,

column3 datatype,

.....

columnN datatype,

PRIMARY KEY( one or more columns )

);

SQLite CREATE TRIGGER 语句：

CREATE TRIGGER database_name.trigger_name

BEFORE INSERT ON table_name FOR EACH ROW

BEGIN

stmt1;

stmt2;

....

END;

SQLite CREATE VIEW 语句：

1 2	<span class="pln">CREATE VIEW database_name</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">view_name AS SELECT statement</span><span class="pun">....;</span>

SQLite CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE 语句：

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING weblog( access.log );

or

CREATE VIRTUAL TABLE database_name.table_name USING fts3( );

SQLite COMMIT TRANSACTION 语句：

1	<span class="pln">COMMIT</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite COUNT 子句：

SELECT COUNT(column_name)

FROM table_name

WHERE CONDITION;

SQLite DELETE 语句：

1 2	<span class="pln">DELETE FROM table_name WHERE </span><span class="pun">{</span><span class="pln">CONDITION</span><span class="pun">};</span>

SQLite DETACH DATABASE 语句：

1	<span class="pln">DETACH DATABASE </span><span class="str">'Alias-Name'</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite DISTINCT 子句：

1 2	<span class="pln">SELECT DISTINCT column1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> column2</span><span class="pun">....</span><span class="pln">columnN FROM table_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite DROP INDEX 语句：

1	<span class="pln">DROP INDEX database_name</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">index_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite DROP TABLE 语句：

1	<span class="pln">DROP TABLE database_name</span><span class="pun">.</span><span class="pln">table_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite DROP VIEW 语句：

1	<span class="pln">DROP VIEW view_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite DROP TRIGGER 语句：

1	<span class="pln">DROP TRIGGER trigger_name</span>

SQLite EXISTS 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE column_name EXISTS (SELECT * FROM table_name );

SQLite EXPLAIN 语句：

EXPLAIN INSERT statement...;

or

EXPLAIN QUERY PLAN SELECT statement...;

SQLite GLOB 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE column_name GLOB { PATTERN };

SQLite GROUP BY 子句：

SELECT SUM(column_name)

FROM table_name

WHERE CONDITION

GROUP BY column_name;

SQLite HAVING 子句：

SELECT SUM(column_name)

FROM table_name

WHERE CONDITION

GROUP BY column_name

HAVING (arithematic function condition);

SQLite INSERT INTO 语句：

INSERT INTO table_name( column1, column2....columnN)

VALUES ( value1, value2....valueN);

SQLite IN 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE column_name IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite Like 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE column_name LIKE { PATTERN };

SQLite NOT IN 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE column_name NOT IN (val-1, val-2,...val-N);

SQLite ORDER BY 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE CONDITION

ORDER BY column_name {ASC|DESC};

SQLite PRAGMA 语句：

PRAGMA pragma_name;

For example:

PRAGMA page_size;

PRAGMA cache_size = 1024;

PRAGMA table_info(table_name);

SQLite RELEASE SAVEPOINT 语句：

1	<span class="pln">RELEASE savepoint_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite REINDEX 语句：

REINDEX collation_name;

REINDEX database_name.index_name;

REINDEX database_name.table_name;

SQLite ROLLBACK 语句：

ROLLBACK;

or

ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT savepoint_name;

SQLite SAVEPOINT 语句：

1	<span class="pln">SAVEPOINT savepoint_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite SELECT 语句：

1 2	<span class="pln">SELECT column1</span><span class="pun">,</span><span class="pln"> column2</span><span class="pun">....</span><span class="pln">columnN FROM table_name</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite UPDATE 语句：

UPDATE table_name

SET column1 = value1, column2 = value2....columnN=valueN

[ WHERE CONDITION ];

SQLite VACUUM 语句：

1	<span class="pln">VACUUM</span><span class="pun">;</span>

SQLite WHERE 子句：

SELECT column1, column2....columnN

FROM table_name

WHERE CONDITION;

from:<a href="http://www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-syntax.html">http://www.runoob.com/sqlite/sqlite-syntax.html</a>

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