使用docker-compose搭建Prometheus+Grafana监控系统

这是我参与更文挑战的第2天，活动详情查看：更文挑战

以前所在的公司监控系统主要使用的zabbix,应用级的监控使用的是Pinpoint的二次开发，所以对于Prometheus的了解还只是听闻，尽管很想使用，但是公司的zabbix已经非常成熟，包括后来小米的open-falcon也是没有机会去使用。直到今天我才想着要不测试环境的服务都用Prometheus吧，因现在的公司并没有监控系统，服务挂了以后都是使用的时候才会发现。我个人是比较喜欢docker的，于是就记录分享一下。

角色分配

Prometheus 采集数据
Grafana 用于图表展示
redis_exporter 用于收集redis的metrics
node-exporter 用于收集操作系统和硬件信息的metrics
cadvisor 用于收集docker的相关metrics

安装Docker

我通常使用如下命令安装最新版的docker

1	wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo && yum install -y docker-ce && systemctl enable docker.service && service docker start

安装Docker-Compose

可以使用如下命令安装最新版的docker-compose

1 2	curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

在安装过程中下载时间需要40分钟，仅仅15M的东西，所以可以通过如下方式手动下载：

1	echo "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m`"

输出如下：

1	https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.24.1/docker-compose-Linux-x86_64

点击下载，完成后上传到服务器上，然后执行如下命令：

1 2	mv docker-compose-Linux-x86_64 /usr/local/bin/docker-compose chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose

部署Prometheus和Grafana

新增Prometheus配置文件

首先，创建/data/prometheus/目录，然后创建prometheus.yml，填入如下内容：

global:

scrape_interval: 15s # Set the scrape interval to every 15 seconds. Default is every 1 minute.

evaluation_interval: 15s # Evaluate rules every 15 seconds. The default is every 1 minute.

# scrape_timeout is set to the global default (10s).

# Alertmanager configuration

alerting:

alertmanagers:

- static_configs:

- targets: ['10.10.170.161:9093']

# - alertmanager:9093

# Load rules once and periodically evaluate them according to the global 'evaluation_interval'.

rule_files:

- "node_down.yml"

# - "first_rules.yml"

# - "second_rules.yml"

# A scrape configuration containing exactly one endpoint to scrape:

# Here it's Prometheus itself.

scrape_configs:

# The job name is added as a label `job=<job_name>` to any timeseries scraped from this config.

- job_name: 'prometheus'

# metrics_path defaults to '/metrics'

# scheme defaults to 'http'.

static_configs:

- targets: ['10.10.170.161:9090']

- job_name: 'redis'

static_configs:

- targets: ['10.10.170.161:9121']

labels:

instance: redis

- job_name: 'node'

scrape_interval: 8s

static_configs:

- targets: ['10.10.170.161:9100']

labels:

instance: node

- job_name: 'cadvisor'

static_configs:

- targets: ['10.10.170.161:8088']

labels:

instance: cadvisor

接着创建node_down.yml,添加如下内容：

groups:

- name: node_down

rules:

- alert: InstanceDown

expr: up == 0

for: 1m

labels:

user: test

annotations:

summary: "Instance {{ $labels.instance }} down"

description: "{{ $labels.instance }} of job {{ $labels.job }} has been down for more than 1 minutes."

创建docker-compose

继续在/data/prometheus/目录中创建docker-compose-prometheus.yml,添加如下内容：

version: '2'

networks:

monitor:

driver: bridge

services:

prometheus:

image: prom/prometheus

container_name: prometheus

hostname: prometheus

restart: always

volumes:

- /data/prometheus/prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

- /data/prometheus/node_down.yml:/etc/prometheus/node_down.yml

ports:

- "9090:9090"

networks:

- monitor

grafana:

image: grafana/grafana

container_name: grafana

hostname: grafana

restart: always

ports:

- "3000:3000"

networks:

- monitor

redis-exporter:

image: oliver006/redis_exporter

container_name: redis_exporter

hostname: redis_exporter

restart: always

ports:

- "9121:9121"

networks:

- monitor

command:

- '--redis.addr=redis://10.10.170.161:7000'

node-exporter:

image: quay.io/prometheus/node-exporter

container_name: node-exporter

hostname: node-exporter

restart: always

ports:

- "9100:9100"

networks:

- monitor

cadvisor:

image: google/cadvisor:latest

container_name: cadvisor

hostname: cadvisor

restart: always

volumes:

- /:/rootfs:ro

- /var/run:/var/run:rw

- /sys:/sys:ro

- /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro

ports:

- "8088:8080"

networks:

- monitor

这里的端口号已经redis-addr请修改成自己的。

启动docker-compose

使用下面的命令启动docker-compose定义的容器

1	docker-compose -f /data/prometheus/docker-compose-prometheus.yml up -d

输入如下内容即代表启动成功：

Creating network "prometheus_monitor" with driver "bridge"

Creating cadvisor ... done

Creating prometheus ... done

Creating node-exporter ... done

Creating redis_exporter ... done

Creating grafana ... done

也可通过docker ps命令查看是否启动成功。如果要关闭并删除以上5个容器，只需要执行如下命令即可：

1	docker-compose -f /data/prometheus/docker-compose-monitor.yml down

同样也会输出如下日志：

Stopping cadvisor ... done

Stopping node-exporter ... done

Stopping grafana ... done

Stopping redis_exporter ... done

Stopping prometheus ... done

Removing cadvisor ... done

Removing node-exporter ... done

Removing grafana ... done

Removing redis_exporter ... done

Removing prometheus ... done

Removing network prometheus_monitor

打开 http://10.10.170.161:9090/targets ，如果State都是UP即代表Prometheus工作正常，如下图所示：

当然，我第一次安装时只有一个是UP的，造成这个问题的主要原因是因为CentOS7的防火墙firewall导致的，将对应的端口添加到防火墙策略里即可：

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9100/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=8088/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9121/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3000/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9090/tcp --permanent

firewall-cmd --reload

可通过如下命令查看端口策略是否已经生效

1	firewall-cmd --permanent --zone=public --list-ports

配置Grafana

打开http://10.10.170.161:3000，使用默认账号密码admin/admin登录并修改密码后，默认进来是创建数据库的页面，在如下图所示中，选择Prometheus。

选择完成后，打开新的页面，在HTTP的URL中输入Prometheus的地址http://10.10.170.161:9090，并且将Access由Server更换为Browser，因为跨域的问题Server无法使用。点击保存并测试。

现在数据源已经接通了，只剩下漂亮的报表了，在 grafana.com/grafana/das… 中搜索需要的Dashboard模版，并将其json文件下载下来。我本次主要监控docker与redis，于是只需要下载下面两个即可：

在Grafana菜单栏中第一个+号中，选择import

将其上传后，选择prom为Prometheus也就是配置Prometheus是的Name的值，点击保存即可。等待一会儿就会出现如下界面：就说明成功了。

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