CentOS 7服务器安全配置(未完待续)
1.问题背景
本打算买一个Linux服务器玩玩，系统为CentOS 7，供学习Linux和线上部署网站学习用。没想到买了没几天，啥都没做呢，登录之后发现了近2万条登录失败记录（输入lastb命令即可查看登入系统失败的用户相关信息）。什么？有人想通过暴力破解密码来登录我的服务器？！并且大量的攻击来自同一个ip地址。作为一个Linux小白，差点被吓尿了，网络真危险啊。
不过虽然是小白，也不甘示弱，有攻击就要有防御，现状开始逼迫我去学习关于Linux服务器安全防护的知识，要守住自己在网上的一块领地。
2.安装Fail2ban
在Q群上和小伙伴讨论过程中，发现了fail2ban这个利器。fail2ban能阻止暴力破解，如果fail2ban发现一个ip在暴力攻击，攻击次数达到一定次数时，就会禁止改ip连接服务器，以达到阻止暴力破解密码的目的。之前看登录失败日志，一个ip攻击了我上万次，现在有了fail2ban，它可做不了了，赶紧开始我们的安装。
安装fail2ban
输入以下两条命令即可安装
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yum install epel-release yum install fail2ban |
说明：
– yum install epel-release：安装EPEL仓库(Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux)
– yum install fail2ban：从EPEL仓库安装fail2ban
fail2ban配置文件
打开配置文件
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nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.conf |
开头会见到如下说明
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# # WARNING: heavily refactored in 0.9.0 release. Please review and # customize settings for your setup. # # Changes: in most of the cases you should not modify this # file, but provide customizations in jail.local file, # or separate .conf files under jail.d/ directory, e.g.: # # HOW TO ACTIVATE JAILS: # # YOU SHOULD NOT MODIFY THIS FILE. # # It will probably be overwritten or improved in a distribution update. # # Provide customizations in a jail.local file or a jail.d/customisation.local. # For example to change the default bantime for all jails and to enable the # ssh-iptables jail the following (uncommented) would appear in the .local file. # See man 5 jail.conf for details. # # [DEFAULT] # bantime = 3600 # # [sshd] # enabled = true # # See jail.conf(5) man page for more information |
大意是不要修改这个配置文件，而应该新建一个jail.conf来写用户配置。
先查看配置文件内默认的配置（仅列出前面5项）：
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[DEFAULT] # # MISCELLANEOUS OPTIONS # # "ignoreip" can be an IP address, a CIDR mask or a DNS host. Fail2ban will not # ban a host which matches an address in this list. Several addresses can be # defined using space (and/or comma) separator. ignoreip = 127.0.0.1/8 # External command that will take an tagged arguments to ignore, e.g. <ip>, # and return true if the IP is to be ignored. False otherwise. # # ignorecommand = /path/to/command <ip> ignorecommand = # "bantime" is the number of seconds that a host is banned. bantime = 600 # A host is banned if it has generated "maxretry" during the last "findtime" # seconds. findtime = 600 # "maxretry" is the number of failures before a host get banned. maxretry = 5 |
ignoreip不会被ban的ipbantime每秒内访问的最大次数，超过就被banmaxretry最大失败次数
这里只是简单举例，其他一些配置不多做赘述，有需要的可以自己去看英文注释。
于是新建/打开一个jail.conf，写入用户自己的配置
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nano /etc/fail2ban/jail.local |
把下列代码拷进去
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[ssh-iptables] enabled = true filter = sshd action = iptables[name=SSH, port=ssh, protocol=tcp] # sendmail-whois[name=SSH, dest=root, sender=fail2ban@example.com] logpath = /var/log/secure maxretry = 5 |
说明：
– enabled: 激活fail2ban。
– filter: 是sshd默认参考这个文件/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/sshd.conf。
– action: 符合/etc/fail2ban/action.d/iptables.conf这个文件的ip将会被fail2ban给ban掉. 如果你之前改过ssh端口，把 port=ssh改成新端口, 比如 port=2222. 如果还在用22，就不用改这里。
– logpath: Fail2Ban的日志文件路径.
– maxretry: 最大尝试登陆失败次数.
启动fail2ban服务
运行这两个命令即可启动
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chkconfig --level 23 fail2ban on service fail2ban start |
查看一下iptables是否添加了fail2ban的规则
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iptables -L |
会看到如下字样f2b-SSH
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Chain INPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination f2b-SSH tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:EtherNet/IP-1 Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination Chain f2b-SSH (1 references) target prot opt source destination RETURN all -- anywhere anywhere |
查看登录失败日志
输入这条命令
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cat /var/log/secure | grep 'Failed password' |
会看到类似这样的结果
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Dec 6 22:47:12 vultr sshd[7942]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 23021 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:15 vultr sshd[7944]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 40996 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:16 vultr sshd[7944]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 40996 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:18 vultr sshd[7944]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 40996 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:31 vultr sshd[7948]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 29907 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:34 vultr sshd[7948]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 29907 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:36 vultr sshd[7948]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 29907 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:39 vultr sshd[7950]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 48386 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:41 vultr sshd[7950]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 48386 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:43 vultr sshd[7950]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 48386 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:47 vultr sshd[7952]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 62846 ssh2 Dec 6 22:47:49 vultr sshd[7952]: Failed password for root from 43.229.53.67 port 62846 ssh2 |
3.修改22端口并启用
先在sshd_config里面添加新端口
查看sshd_confifg
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/etc/ssh/sshd_config |
可以看到如下片段：
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# If you want to change the port on a SELinux system, you have to tell # SELinux about this change. # semanage port -a -t ssh_port_t -p tcp #PORTNUMBER Port 22 #AddressFamily any #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #ListenAddress :: |
添加一个新端口，如22222，在Port 22下面添加一行Port 22222，Port 22先不要注释掉，以防新端口登录不上。
再在防火墙里添加新端口
查看防火墙运行状态
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systemctl status firewalld.service |
查看所有打开的端口
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firewall-cmd --zone=public --list-ports |
添加端口
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firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=22222/tcp --permanent |
重启防火墙
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firewall-cmd --reload |
查看新端口
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firewall-cmd --zone=public --query-port=22222/tcp |
然后打开一个新窗口，尝试用新端口登录一下。
删除端口
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firewall-cmd --zone= public --remove-port=22222/tcp --permanent |
4.添加新用户并禁用root